Gas burner with flame retention ports



April 22, 1952 F. TODD 2,594,094 GAS BURNER WITH FLAME RETENTION PORTSFiled March 11, 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 1 1 l7 I u 1 1 1 r 15 f: T 1t-;"11;;1r. 2 En 4 1 J Q 29 27 3o 1 llvVE lxroR. BY v F. TODD GAS BURNERWITH FLAME RETENTION PORTS April 22, 1952 Filed March 11, 1948 2SHEETS-SHEET 2 H INVgI VTOR. /@OQ//0da4 ZMMW Patented Apr. 22, 1952 GASBURNER WITH FLAME RETENTION PORTS- Floyd Todd, Springfield, Pa.,assignor to Fisher Scientific Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation ofPennsylvania Application March 11, 1948, Serial No. 14,329

9 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in gas burners, and inparticular, to gas burners of the type used in glass blowing.

It is an object of my invention to provide a gas burner which is capableof providing a wide variety of size, shape and temperature of flame, andin particular, of providing both large and small flames of either theannealing or sealing type.

A further object of my invention is to provide a gas burner embodyingmeans for effecting a predetermined mixture of gases, and havingseparate jet forming means for providing either small flames or largeflames, in combination with means for shifting the operationsubstantially instantaneously from a large flame to a small flame, orvice versa, without shifting substantially the proportions of the gasmixture.

Another object is to provide a burner having pilot light means built inand integral with the burner itself, and which produces a pilot flamewhich will not interfere with the shape of the working flame.

Still another object is to provide a gas burner capable of producing asilent sealing flame. In this connection, it could be pointed out thatin glass blowing terminology, annealing flame refers to a relativelycool flame, such as is used in annealing glass, whereas sealing flamerefers to a comparatively hot flame, which is used in the actual workingor blowing of glass. This difference in temperature is effected, inlarge measure, by introducing air or oxygen into the gas jet, which, upto a certain optimum amount, increases the temperature of the flameconsiderably. However, this is accomplished in the usual burner in amanner which produces a very noisy flame, termed a blast flame.

The gas burner which comprises my invention produces a comparativelysilent flame by virtue of the fact, that the mixing of the combustiblegas and the combustion supporting gas is effected not in the jet of theflame itself, but is premixed in the burner, and prior to the time thatit passes through the jet producing means.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a burner in whichthe aforementioned mixing is effected in two stages or zones.

Other objects, features, and advantages will become apparent as thedescription proceeds.

With reference now to the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals designate like parts Fig. 1 is an elevation of a preferredembodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the burner proper taken on line2-2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an end view of the cap; and

Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, are diagrammatic representations of the burnershowing the different modes of operation.

In Fig. 1, the burner is designated generally by the reference numeralII] and is mounted on a supporting rod I I, which extends upwardly froma suitable base I2. The burner is provided with gas supply valves I3 andI4, respectively, and also with a control valve I5, the purpose of whichwill later become apparent.

The burner comprises a suitable body member IS, the front end of whichis provided with a cap I'I. Extending inwardly from the front of thebody member are a bore and a counterbore, the bore being designated bythe reference numeral l3, and the counterbore forming a diffusionchamber designated by the reference numeral I9.

Extending inwardly from the rear surface of the body member is anotherbore, concentric with bore I8, and forming a chamber 20. The bores I8and the chamber 20 are connected by a passageway 2| of comparativelysmall diameter. A tube 22 is threaded or otherwise secured at one end inthe bore I8, and the other end is received within the cap Tube 22 formsa second diifusion chamber. The cap I1 is apertured to provide a centralorifice 23 for the tube 22. The cap is also apertured to provide aseries of concentric orifices 3| for the chamber I9. The central portionof the cap is extended, thereby forming an apertured tip 24 whichcontains the central orifice 23.

The constricted passageway 2|, the bore I8, the tube 22 and the orifice23 are collectively referred to as the central orifice path ascontrasted with the concentric orifice path which includes chamber l9and the concentric orifices 3|.

One end of a supply conduit 26 terminates in chamber 20, the supplyvalve I3 being disposed in the conduit.

A second supply conduit 21 connects with the chamber I9, this conduitincluding supply valve l4, control valve I5, a short portion 28:disposed between valves I4 and I5, and an elbow portion 29 disposedbetween valve I5 and the body member l6. Across connection 30, in theform of a short length of pipe, extends between portion 28 and chamber20. The portion 28, control valve I5 and elbow portion 29, together withchamber I9, and orifices 3|, constitute the concentric ,oriflce pathabove mentioned.

It will be seen that when the conduits 26 and 21 are connected toseparate sources of gas, that a separate orifice path is provided foreach gas. However, the cross connection provides a means for divertingsome of the gas from one source into the path associated with the othersource, thereby providing a source of mixed gas and also providing ameans by which the volume flowing through the separate paths may beregulated. When the valves l3, l4 and 15 are all the way open, however,the constriction in the central orifice path causes a portion of the gasfrom conduit '26 to be diverted through the cross connection 30, and toflow through the concentric orifice path in which it commingles with thegas coming from the conduit 21. Thus, the flame will consist of twoconcentric jets, the inner jet consisting of gas of the type supplied byconduit 26, and the outer jet consisting of a mixture of the gasessupplied by both conduits.

As the control valve .15 is moved toward its closed position, there willbe a point at which the resistance offered by the alternative paths areequal to each other, and at this point, there would be no gas flowthrough the cross connection in either direction, with the result thatthe flame will consist of an inner jet of one gas and an outer jet ofthe other gas. This operation will also cause the outer jet to bereduced in size or volume, and the inner jet to be increased. Furthermovement of the valve l5 into its closed position will cause all of thegas from conduit 21 to flow through the central orifice path, and toproduce a gas jet which is considerably smaller than the combined gasjet which was produced when the valve 15 was all the way open. At thesame time, the flame will be of a narrow pencillike shape, as contrastedwith the large flaring flame produced in the first instance.

Thus, it will be seen that by the manipulation of control valve 15, aconsiderable variation in size and shape of flame may be obtainedwithout manipulating the gas supply valves 13 and M, which lattermanipulation would require extreme care if the proportions of the twogases are to be maintained constant.

Although the present burner may be used with any two types of gas, inits normal operation, the burner is intended for use with a combustiblegas, such as acetylene or propane, and a combustion supporting gas, suchas air or oxygen. I prefer to connect the conduit 21 to the source ofsupply of the combustible gas, and the conduit 26 to the source ofsupply of the combustion supporting gas, for the reason that when thecontrol valve 15 is open, I prefer to have a flame in which the innerjet consists of the combustion supporting gas, rather than of thecombustible gas- However, the connection can be reversed if the lattertype of flame is desired.

As shown in Fig. 2, the supporting rod H is threaded into a threadedbore 31 in the body member [6, and a jam nut 38 serves to maintain theparts in fixed relationship. A suitable swivel connection may beprovided between the supporting rod II and the base l2, which enablesthe burner to be placed in any desired position.

A passageway 34 is formed in the body member I6, parallel to thepassageway 2|, and communicating with the chamber [9. A' tube 35provides connection between the rear end of passageway 34 and the gassupply means which is intended to supply the combustible gas, in thisinstance, gas conduit 27. The connection with gas conduit 27 is made ata point rearwardly of the valve 14. A control valve 36 is provided inthe body member 16, to regulate the amount of 4 gas passing through thepassageway 34 into the chamber IS.

The elements 34 and 35 provide a means bypassing the valves l i and I5thus a small amount of gas is supplied to the chamber l9 and emanatesfrom the orifices 3lto form a pilot" light, as shown diagrammatically inFig. 5. Due to the protruded tip 24, the substantially annular jet ofgas forming the pilot light is maintained separate from the jet producedby the central orifice 23, provided that the flow of gas through theelements 35 and 35 is sufliciently small. This fact, together with theradial symmetry of the pilot light flame results in an arrangementwhereby the jet produced by the orifice 23 is not deformed by the pilotlight. Furthermore, the protruded tip makes it more difficult to blowout the pilot light flame.

Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, are diagrammatic representations or the varioustypes of flames which are provided by the burner. When the valves I3 andM are both closed, the only flame is the pilot light, as shown in Fig.5. When the combustible gas valve 14 is opened, and the remaining valvesclosed, a small annealing flame is produced, as shown in Fig. 6. Thisflame is produced merely by opening valve M, the jet formed by orifice23 being automatically ignited by the pilot light.

- It will be observed that the symmetry of the small annealing flame isnot destroyed by the ,pilot light, and this is the case even if theburner is disposed in the horizontal position. By opening the controlvalve l5, the combustible gas is also caused to flow through theconcentric orifice path, thereby producing the large annealing flameshown in Fig. 7.

The small sealing flame is produced by opening both valves 13 and M, asshown in Fig. 8, but permitting the control valve IE to remain closed.The jet formed by orifice 23 is automatically ignited by the pilot lightflame, and symmetry is maintained. In this instance, the combustible gasflows from right to left through the cross connection 30 and mixes inchamber 20 with the combustion suporting gas supplied by conduit 26,this initial mixing being effected by the turbulence of theseintersecting gas streams. In flowing from this initial gas mixing areathrough the central orifice path, the tube 22 provides a chamber oflarger diameter than the constricted passageway 2|, and permits theinitially mixed gases to become more thoroughly diffused one into theother, thereby providing a silent flame. When all three valves areopened, as shown in Fig. 9, the concentric orifice path offers a lesserresistance than the central orifice path, with the result that thecombustion supporting gas passes from left to right, as viewed in Fig.9, through the cross connection 30. Here, then, the initial mixing takesplace in portion 28, and the initially mixed gas in passing into andthrough the chamber l9, becomes further diffused with the result that asilent flame is produced, insofar as the concentric jet is concerned.The central jet consists only of the combustion supporting gas andserves to increase the surface area of the flame.

It is, of course, obvious that a much greater variety of flame shapescan be produced by setting the valves l3, l4 and IE to variouscombinations of intermediate positions, the positions shown in thediagrams representing only the extreme open or closed positions.However, the positions shown do show the four basic types of flame whichare used in glass blowing, and it is evident that by. the provision oftwo separate and concentric jet producing means, in combination with thecontrol valve l which regulates the outer jet producing means, I amenabled to provide a much greater variety in flame size and shapethanwould be produced by only one jet producing means for the reason thatregulation of the amount of gas flowing through a single jet producingmeans, while it might affect the size of the flame, would not readilychange the shape of the flame. With the present arrangement, however, itis obvious that a wide variety of shapes can be produced which areintermediate the extreme small and large flame shapes represented in thediagrams. Furthermore, a substantial and useful variation in flame shapecan be produced merely by regulating the control valve [5 without thenecessity of changing the supply valves 13 and I4.

I claim:

l. A gas burner comprising a nozzle providing inner jet forming meansand outer jet forming means substantially concentric therewith, twoseparate gas supply means, first means providing communication betweenone of said supply means and said inner jet, second means providingcommunication between the other of said supply means and said outer jet,a cross connection between said first and second means, a constrictionin said first means, and a control valve in said second means toregulate the amount of gas flow ing therethrough with respect to theamount flowing through said first means.

2. A gas burner comprising a nozzle providing inner jet forming meansand outer jet forming means substantially concentric therewith, twoseparate gas supply means, first means providing communication betweenone of said supply means and said inner jet, second means providingcommunication between the other of said supply means and said outer jet,a cross connection be tween said first and second means, a constrictionin said first means, a control valve disposed between said crossconnnection and said outer jet forming means in said second means toregulate the amount of gas flowing therethrough with respect to saidfirst means, a supply valve for each of said gas supply means, and thirdmeans providing communication between one of said gas supply means andsaid outer jet forming means, said third means bypassing the supplyvalve operatively associated with said last mentioned gas supply meansand said control valve.

3. A gas burner having a body member pro viding inner and outerconcentric chambers, a cap mounted on said body member and forming aclosure for said chambers, said cap being apertured to provide jetforming orifices for each of said chambers, first gas supply means inseries connection with said inner chamber, second gas supply means inseries connection with said outer chamber, a cross connection betweensaid two gas supply means and providing at either end of said crossconnection a mixing zone, the path between that one of said mixingzones, which is operatively associated with said inner concentricchamber, and its related orifice being of greater resistance to thepassage of gas than the path between that one of said mixing zones,which is operatively associated with said outer concentric chamber, andits related orifice, and a valve in said latter path.

4. A gas burner comprising means providing two separate paths for theflow of gas therethrough, one of said paths including jet forming means,a difiusion' chamber adjacent thereto and communicating therewith, and apassageway opening into said diffusion chamber and of a smaller crosssectional area than said chamber, the other of said paths including jetforming means, a difiusion chamber adjacent thereto and communicatingtherewith, and a passageway opening into said diffusion chamber and of asmaller cross sectional area than said diffusion chamber, separate gassupply means connecting with each of said passageways, and a crossconnection between said gas supply means providing, at either end ofsaid cross connection, zones of initial gas mixing, one of said pathsnormally offering a lesser resistance to the passage of gas therethroughthan the other of said paths and including a valve for the regulation ofthe gas passing therethrough.

5. A gas burner comprising means providing two separate paths for theflow of gas therethrough, each of said paths including jet formingmeans, a diffusion chamber adjacent thereto and communicating therewith,and a passageway opening into said difiusion chamber and of a smallercross sectional area than said chamber, separate gas supply meansconnecting with each of said passageways, and means connecting saidseparate gas supply means, a valve disposed in one of said paths for theregulation of the gas passing therethrough, the diffusion chamber andjet forming means of said last mentioned path surrounding the diffusionchamber and jet forming means of said other path.

6. A gas burner comprising a nozzle providing inner jet forming meansand outer jet forming means substantially concentric therewith, twoseparate gas supply means, first means providing communication betweenboth of said gas supply means and said inner jet forming means forproviding a working flame of mixed gas, and second means providingcommunication between just one of said gas supply means and said outerjet forming means for providing a pilot flame.

7. A gas burner comprising a body member having concentric inner andouter chambers, a cap for said body member providing a central orificefor said inner chamber and a series of concentric orifices for saidouter chamber, said central orifice being disposed forwardly of saidconcentric orifices, means for supplying gas to said central chamber forproviding a working flame, means for supplying a limited amount of gasto said outer chamber for providing a pilot flame, second means forsupplying gas to said outer chamber and including a valve for regulationof the gas supplied thereto, said second means being operative toincrease the amount of gas supplied to said outer chamber over thatsupplied by said first-mentioned supply means to produce a concentricflame of a size which will merge with said central working flame.

8. A gas burner comprising means providing a central path terminating inan orifice for producing a narrow gas jet, second means providing aconcentric path terminating in an orifice for producing a flaring gasjet substantially concentric to said narrow gas jet, valve means forregulating the flow of gas through said concentric path for varying thesize and shape of the flame provided by both of said gas jets, andseparate means for supplying gas to said concentric path for producingapilot flame which is separate from the flame produced by said narrow gasjet when said valve means is closed and which merges with the workingflame produced by said flaring gas jet when said valve means is opened.

9. A gas burner comprising two separate gas supply means, a crossconnection between said separate gas supply means and provided at eitherend thereof an initial gas mixing zone, means providing a first pathleading from one of said initial gas mixing zones, said means includinga jet producing means, a difiusion chamber in communication therewith,and a passageway between said diffusion chamber and said first-mentionedinitial gas mixing zone, meansproviding a second path leading from theother one of 7 said initial gas mixing zones, saidmeans including a jetproducing means concentrically disposed with respect to saidfirst-mentioned jet producing means, a diffusion chamber incommunication therewith, and a passageway between said diffusion chamberand said other initial gas mixing zone, each of said passageways havinga cross sectional area smaller than that of its associated diffusionchamber, and means for regulating the flow of gas through one of saidpassageways.

FLOYD TODD.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,259,885 McGee Mar. 19, 19181,357,324 Johanson Nov. 2, 1920 1,471,123 Greiner Oct. 16, 19231,480,260 Haas Jan. 8, 1924 1,535,491 Partlow Apr. 28, 1925 1,835,215liammon Dec. 8, 1931 1,973,371 Charles et a1 Sept. 11. 1934 2,073,448Fruth Mar. 9, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 422,597 FranceJan. 23, 1911 353,632

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